The Health Impacts of Food Insecurity within an Urban Environment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2133 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Food Insecurity Essay Did you like this example? It completely disregards and invalidates the implementation of local markets (non-liquor stores and gas stations). A study was conducted in a low-income neighborhood in San Diego, California; which is known for providing access to â€Å"affordable, fresh, healthy and culturally appropriate foods† (Pascale et al, 1). This study focused on the ethnicity and cultural acceptability to comprehend social geographies. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Health Impacts of Food Insecurity within an Urban Environment" essay for you Create order As a result of this study, almost 50% of the surveyed food stores are classified as ethnic markets. This particular group of stores consisted mostly of grocery, specialty, and convenience stores. The overlaying trend that can be found amongst of these stores is that they are small businesses, that generally cater to the regional demographic. â€Å"In fact, 80% of independent grocery stores in City Heights, are associated with a specific ethnic group. Unlike liquor stores or gas stations, which almost never have any obvious ethnic affiliation, these types of stores are more likely to offer fresh produce, meat, bread, dairy, and other food staples† (Pascale et al, 9). Ethnic markets/stores contribute greatly to the surrounding community by marketing to specific groups where products and/or food culture aren’t normalized within the United States (Asian markets, halal, etc.) (Pascale et al. 2017). Despite their vast contributions, these markets are often racialized, and the faà §ade of innutritious expensive food being sold inside a â€Å"hole-in-a-wall.† This false imagery leads to unintentional harm within ethnic food systems due to lack of understanding and consciousness of distinctive needs of heterogeneous communities and groups (Pascale et al. 2017). An example of this misunderstanding can be seen in through initiatives where racial and cultural implications aren’t considered and strictly follow the parameters set by the USDA. An example of such initiatives is Michelle Obama’s â€Å"Let’s Move† campaign against child obesity. The $400 million initiative’s proposed goal was to essentially bring quality food retailers to disadvantaged low-income areas (Holtzman 2010). â€Å"†¦proposed as part of the fiscal year 2011 budget, [it] aims to boost public health by eliminating urban and rural food deserts within 7 years† (Holtzman, 1). When analyzing these initiatives, one of the common factors that is often overlooked is affordability. Pascale et al defines affordability as the reasonable or lower pricing of fresh produce. Through the Pascale’s study, research noted that ethnic markets have tendency to be affordable for residential community, purchasing â€Å"fresh produce at a lower price than non-ethnic markets† (Pascale et al, 12). This occurs due to the higher percentage of smaller grocers (ethnic grocers) where a large array of produce is sold. Comparatively to non-ethnic stores (mostly convenience stores and gas stations) counterparts where the finite variety of products is typically priced higher than the national average (Pascale et al 2017). Two other neglected factors that Pascale mentions are cultural acceptability and accessibility. â€Å"[Cultural acceptability is] the [protection of] the rights of food insecure people, fosters sustainable livelihoods, addresses the cultural value of food practices, acknowledges situated knowledge of nutrition and health, and promotes food sovereignty and non-hierarchical food-related decision-making. In an urban setting where the majority of the population obtains food from retailers, ethnic markets are places that provide more than specific ingredients; they sustain immigrant livelihood, enable food of racial and ethnic identities through food practices† (Pascale et al, 13). Accessibility involves overall community (or individual) availability, attainability, mobility, and convenience. It examines the requirement of mobility and/or access to transportation for traveling to stores. â€Å"†¦walking access to transportation to travel to a store doesn’t guarantee availability of fresh, healthy, and affordable food†¦[and] its corporate structure, large size, low prices, and high diversity make it an atypical ethnic market and statistical outlier, it would bias the comparison between ethnic and non-ethnic markets†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pascale et al, 13). Researcher, Christopher E. Plano analyzes this relationship between mobile/transit accessibility and employment access. He studies low-income communities within Baltimore, Maryland through the application of transportation analysis zones (TAZ). This highlights how mobile access (or lack thereof) contributes to the dilemma of food security within an urban setting. â€Å"Nationally, low-income individuals often live in areas with few employment opportunities8,9,10,11,12,13 and few supermarkets that provide healthy food.14,15,16 Because of limited income, these individuals cannot relocate to wealthier areas where these necessities are located17 or afford personal transportation18 to travel to these areas. As a result, they spend considerable time and money to access jobs and healthy food using public transit.† (Plano 2015, 2). Despite being debunked by endless research and study, the analytical paradigm of food accessibility still remains applicable where the â€Å"desert metaphor remains powerful and, as we have experienced in years of fieldwork in the community, is used extensively by local residents and community organizations to describe the neighborhood’s food environment and justify change† (Pascale et al, 15). As with most, like Fanny Carlet (2017) and James A. Montgomery et al. (2016), would opt for a solution to urban food insecurity through law and policy, government initiatives and the community involvement. â€Å"Community gardens can take on the role of neighborhood gathering spaces, often used for large formal events in addition to informal gatherings (Lawson 2004; Saldivar-Tanaka and Krasny 2004). Urban dwellers may participate in gardening as a means of creating safe outdoor spaces that would address both negative influences of vacant lots— especially drug dealing and perception of personal safety—and alleviate space constraints due to the small size of their living quarters (Garvin, Cannuscio, and Branas 2013; Schmelzkopf 1995).† (Carlet 2017, 10) However, others like Mari Gallagher argue that the issue can’t be solved only through the implication and development of quality grocers but also through the implication of education (Holtzman 2010). â€Å"Affordable wholesome food alone does not alter eating habits† as Holtzman states and argues that several overlying cultural factors play a key role. Gallagher and Holtzman both agree that â€Å"determining which locales have the greatest need for subsidies, as well as keeping politics from affecting the flow of money, will be challenging. It is important to make sure we’ve armed with neutral data that directs the flow of resources† (2010). Throughout my research, I’ve come across a lot of data regarding the nutritional impacts of food (fruit, vegetables, sugar, etc.), diet-related illness, price disparity among healthy and non-healthy food and food accessibility. I accessed the 2018 State indicator Report on Fruits and Vegetables provided by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services through the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). This report analyzes and emphasizes different methods so as to potentially increase the purchase, supply and demand of fruits and vegetables across the United States of America. The overriding goal of this study is to improve the U.S. population’s access to fresh fruits and vegetables. This report states that the average American doesn’t meet the necessary daily intake of fruits and vegetables, despite the substantiate health benefits. The CDC proposes that this is due to lack of access and affordability. This is very significant to those of the U.S. po pulation that face several challenges such as food insecurity. There were several key findings that were highlighted in this report. This report highlighted that as of 2018, 10 states adopted policies on the food services guidelines. It emphasizes the importance of the selling and serving of healthy foods. â€Å"Food service guidelines increase access to healthy food options (e.g. fruits and vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains) in worksites, state agencies, parks and recreation centers and other institutional settings† (CDC, 3). Another key finding that was highlighted was that 47 U.S. states adopted policies that support farm-to-school and farm-to-ECE (Early Care and Education). This is proposed to increase the percentage of student access to locally grown produce such as school gardening, etc. it also encourages education of nutrition and agriculture. 32 states have already established food policy councils that support regional food systems and intend to increase access to nutritional food. According to the CDC only 12.2% of adults meet proper fruit intake and only 9.3% of adults meet proper vegetable intake. The statistics for food consumption amongst youth are just as bad. An average of 9% of adolescent children meet the standard fruit intake and only 2% meet the vegetable intake. Overall multiple studies and research have shown that food is linked to health. Throughout human history, food has been used for not only fundamental nourishment and necessity but has also played a significant role in medicine. The overlying rule states that poor diet quality contributes negative health impacts such as illness and obesity. Essentially, as anthropologist Ludwig Fuerbach plainly states â€Å"man is what he eats.† This report classifies these statistics into three main categories: improving fruit and vegetable access for individuals and families; improving fruit and vegetable access for children; food system support for fruit and vegetables. According to these indicators, there are an average of 27 farmer’s markets per 100,000 residents. In addition to the establishment of the 2014 State Policy on Food Service Guidelines, about 47% of school districts participate in farm-to-school programs. According 2018 data, there are about 234 local food policies in place and about 212 food hubs nationally. I additionally analyzed data from the food desert locator provided by the USDA’s Economic Research Service. This data was initially released and finalized in the early 2011. However, this data is updated regularly and was last updated in 2017. This data provides population statistics for census tracts that meet the USDA’s current definition of â€Å"food desert.† Even though this data is up to date, it however neglects to some areas where that loosely fits the qualification for food desert according to the USDA. This report provides data for the following: State (State) County name (CountyName) Census urbanized area tract (URBAN) Total population (TOTALPOP) Percentage of population with low-access to supermarket or large grocery store (PERCENT_LOWA_Pop) Number of people with low-access to supermarket or large grocery store (LOWA_POP) Percentage of total population that is low-income with low-access (PERCENT_LOWI) Number of low-income people with low-access (LOWI) Percentage of housing units without a vehicle with low-access (PERCENT_HUNV) Number of housing units without a vehicle with low-access (HUNV) Percentage of children age 0-17 with low-access (PERCENT_KIDS) Number of children age 0-17 with low-access (KIDS) Percentage of people age 65+ with low-access (PERCENT_SENIORS) About 58.5% of the U.S population has low-access to supermarkets and/or large grocery stores. About 13.7% of that population is low-income. About 281,709 people with low-income have low-access, and about 23% hold residency but don’t have access to a vehicle. About 15.6% of children between the ages of 0-17 have low-access to supermarkets. About 7.6% of elderly (age 65+) have low-access to supermarkets. Food plays a very significant role in the livliehood of all living being. Just as deer rely on vegetation for food or birds on fruit/berries and insects, humans are dependent on the sustainability of food. Just as very living creature, human acquire their sustenance from the earth and the nutrients it bears. Logically one could understand the importance of food and how it might impact one’s health, particularly when there is a significant lack of access. As the USDA characterizes food deserts as residential areas where there is a lack of access to supermarkets and grocery stores. However, this negates the how in the low-income communities where there are supermarkets, but they don’t supply nutritional fresh food. A significant amount of research and study displays the correlation between that are categorized as food deserts and the rise of obesity and food-related health risk. These studies not only highlight the monetization of food and how it along with several overl aying factors (socioeconomic status, etc.) impact the overall health of community. WORKS CITED Carlet, Fanny, et al. â€Å"Greening U.S. Legacy Cities: Urban Agriculture as a Strategy for Reclaiming Vacant Land.† Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, vol. 41, no. 8, 2017, pp. 887–906., doi:10.1080/21683565.2017.1311288. â€Å"Food Culture Helps Understand Life, Society and History.† Untitled Document, Lingnan University, 2018, www.ln.edu.hk/lingnan-touch/61/food-culture-helps-understand-life-society-and-history. Holzman, David C. â€Å"Diet and Nutrition: White House Proposes Healthy Food Financing Initiative.† Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 118, no. 4, 2010, doi:10.1289/ehp.118-a156. Joassart-Marcelli, Pascale, et al. â€Å"Ethnic Markets and Community Food Security in an Urban ‘Food Desert.’† Environment and Planning A, vol. 49, no. 7, 2017, pp. 1642–1663., doi:10.1177/030851817700394. Meenar, Mahbubur R. â€Å"Using Participatory and Mixed-Methods Approaches in GIS to Develop a Place-Based Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Index.† Environment and Planning A, vol. 49, no. 5, 2017, pp. 1181–1205., doi:10.1177/030851816686352. Montgomery, James A., et al. â€Å"Soil Quality Assessment Is a Necessary First Step for Designing Urban Green Infrastructure.† Journal of Environment Quality, vol. 45, no. 1, 2016, p. 18., doi:10.2134/jeq2015.04.0192. Plano, Christopher E., et al. â€Å"Considering Public Transit: New Insights into Job and Healthy Food Access for Low-Income Residents in Baltimore, Maryland.† Environmental Justice, vol. 8, no. 3, 2015, pp. 65–71., doi:10.1089/env.2015.0003. Ramankutty, Navin, et al. â€Å"Trends in Global Agricultural Land Use: Implications for Environmental Health and Food Security.† Annual Review of Plant Biology, vol. 69, no. 1, 2018, pp. 789–815., doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040256. Widener, Michael J., et al. â€Å"Agent-Based Modeling of Policies to Improve Urban Food Access for Low-Income Populations.† Applied Geography, vol. 40, 2013, pp. 1–10., doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.01.003.

The Knights Of Labor During The Civil Era - 1190 Words

As Napoleon Hill once said, â€Å"Every adversity, every failure, every heartache carries with it the seed of an equal or greater benefit†. This holds true to the Knights of Labor in their endeavor to increase solidarity and unity, by encouraging opposing communities to work together, thus improving the lives of workers and their families during the diminutive period of time when the Knights of Labor were active. The Knight’s tackled the monopolists and fought for the justices they knew to be theirs, in strong efforts to improve societal inequalities – organizing groups of workers throughout different classes of sex, race, and skill. The major impacts that the Knights of Labor had on society during their peak, as well as in the future, can be illustrated by 3 principal criteria that this paper will be centralized around. Firstly, the Knights of Labor were dreamers – they encouraged people to look forward and take action against poor circumstances and lack of power; because of this, they were ahead of other labour organizations during this time as the Knights fought against what others said to be unalterable. Second, the Knights of Labor brought disparate groups together, forging the way to a progressive society in the height of an otherwise racist and sexist one. Lastly, the Knights of Labor drew a significant expansion of wage earnings across North America – providing many people with secure jobs and a culture in which they were protected by unity. The Knights of Labor wereShow MoreRelatedThe Gilded And Progressive Eras1245 Words   |  5 Pagesprogressive eras in America were times of expansion, urbanization, and what seemed like a golden pathway to an industrialized future. 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The Fashion Channel Case Free Essays

Starting in 1996 TFH (the fashion channel) had a great success because of a big audience and no competitors in the business. Noticing the great success competitors such as CNN and lifetime started to also have fashion-based programmer. Since viewers now having a choice to decide which channel they want to watch the viewer numbers of TFH starter to decrease. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fashion Channel Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now A reason for this is shown by an alpha research which pointed out that both CNN and lifetime got a better feedback in customers satisfaction in consumer interest as well as in awareness and also perceived value. Having their viewer numbers decreasing, TFH has to pay even more attention on their two main revenue streams: cable affiliate fees and advertising! Therefore they wanted to know who their audience is to can better react to them. They reached this with help of a detailed demographic breakdown which leaded to the result, that 61% of their viewers are female and 33% being aged 18-34 which is less then 45% being aged 35-54, but the younger group is stronger in this business Additional to this they did a SFA associated survey which divided the audience into 4 groups: Factionists: highly engaged in fashion with being 15% of all viewers, 61% being female and 50% being aged 18-34; Planners and Shoppers: participants in fashion on a regular basis with being 35% of all viewers, 54% being female and 25% being aged 18-34; Sustainability: participants in fashion for specific needs with being 30% of all viewers, 50% being female and 30% being aged 18-34. Also they have 45% with children in the household; Basics: not interested in fashion with being 20% of all viewers and 45% being female. 2) Which research method was most helpful to you in developing and evaluating the segmentation options? As mentioned before, there are four groups resulting from the SFA associated research. Combines with the results from the demographic breakdown we think it is really helpful for ETC. Indeed, with these researches they have the opportunity to realize who their audience is and so they can work on getting a new audience, probably within the other groups. They also understand who is the most powerful group in their business so that they can work on reaching their needs and with these information it was possible to work out the segmentation options. 3) What are the segmentation options? Broad-based marketing: The goal is to develop a multi-segment strategy with a strong focus on â€Å"Factionists† and the â€Å"Plannersshoppers† and also have a focus on women aged between 18 and 34 since this is the most powerful group – as mentioned before. â€Å"Fashions† segmentation: In this segmentation the focus is strong only on â€Å"Factionists†. The plan is to spend $ 15 million on programming. It is a single segment concentration. â€Å"Factionists† plus â€Å"Planners shoppers† segmentation: This one is a product specialized segmentation with focus on both â€Å"Factionists† and â€Å"Shoppers Planners†. TFH has to spend $ 20 million on programming in this case. 4) What is the project financial impact of each of the option? Scenario number 3 has the best financial result: against an increment of $20. 000. 000 in fixed costs and an increment of $4. 151. 347 in variable costs, the increment of revenue by Ad sales increases by $138. 378. 240 and the company can have the maximum net income ($168. 867. 232) and also the maximum margin (39%). Scenario number 1, instead, is the worst one: The Fashion Channel doesn’t have extra fixed cost but also their income are the lowest one ($249. 080. 832) that is $96. 864. 68 lower than in scenario 3. In this case, the firm can match the same result that reached in 2006. Scenario 2 is a little worst than scenario 3: they have a little few fixed cost ($70. 000. 000) as they gain less revenue by Ad sales ($322. 882. 560) and also the net income and the margin are not performing as in scenario 3. 5) Compare the segmentation options. What are the P ros Cons (Strengths Weaknesses) of each option? 1 . Broad Appeal (Broad multi-segment approach) – Scenario 1 Cross segment of Factionists, Planners Shoppers, and Sustainability Woman aged 18 to 34 in all of the clusters 2. Factionists – Scenario 2 Alternative to a broad, multi-segment approach – focus on single segment (Factionists) 0 aggressive approach. Strong in the highly valued 18-34 female demographic. 3. The Factionists and the Shoppers/Planners – Scenario 3 Dual targeting of two segments (Factionists and Shoppers/Planners). 6) What is your recommendation? After the analysis of costs, revenues and net income and the review of advantages and disadvantages of the three options, according to us the best solution is the scenario 3: the â€Å"Fashions† plus â€Å"Planners/Shoppers† segmentation. We understand that the risk involved with this scenario is very high. TFH will lose some of their most loyal consumers by re-positioning the channel towards factionists and the planners/shoppers. Furthermore, Exhibit 5 show us that this scenario also requires more programming and operational expenses. On the other hand, â€Å"Factionists† has superior interest in fashion and â€Å"Planners Shoppers† has the largest cluster size, so it is a good choice to combine them. Indeed â€Å"Planners Shoppers† will improve he rating in order to attract more ad buyers and at the same time â€Å"Factionists† will enhance the CPM to gain more ad revenue. Moreover, from the Exhibits 4 and 5 we can observe that scenario 3 gives the more revenue that the others and it provides more net income and a better margin than the other two options. To conclude, the benefits truly do seem to outweigh the risks in this scenario and we recommend that targeting at two valued groups â€Å"Factionists† and â€Å"Planners shoppers† is the best solution to this problem. It will create more revenues (above all from advertising), aka TFH get back market shares quickly and maintain Tiff’s leading status and core viewer loyalty. Obviously, The Fashion Channel will also implement this new marketing plan. One of the more difficult challenges for TFH is trying to keep their older loyal consumers while attracting the new factionists and planners/shoppers (18-34 female audience), otherwise they could certainly lose more than they gain. In order to achieve this aim, TFH should analyze the loyal consumers’ favorite programs and make sure to keep these programs when they begin their new marketing plan. Moreover, The Fashion Channel should look at Lifetime and their Fashion Today program to gain a better understanding of how they market to their 18-34 year-old female audience, so they will be in a very advantageous position to capture a large share of the market. Furthermore, TFH must continually find ways to improve consumer interest, awareness, and perceived value. Lastly, TFH must be aware of its competition and be ready to differentiate and re-position its programs in order to earn the best TV ratings and capture the most market share. How to cite The Fashion Channel Case, Essays The Fashion Channel Case Free Essays Dana Wheeler, senior vice president of marketing for The Fashion Channel (TFC) must create a strategy which would help deal with the current marketing challenge. Wheeler’s major challenge is to choose an explicit target market in which her team can market towards in order to increase revenues for The Fashion Channel. The key Point’s of The Fashion Channel case include: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fashion Channel Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now Build strong Target Market – In order for TFC to maintain and increase their advertising revenue model they must build a strong target market of â€Å"highly valued viewers† who are also appealing to the advertisers. . Build positive Positioning- Wheeler needs marketing initiatives to improve consumer interest, awareness and perceived value. 3. Satisfy Customers wants- In order to increase revenues TFC must expand its audience. To do this it must adapt to changes. TFC must change in order to grow while still maintaining the original TFC which current customers love. 4. Create Brand Loyalty – TFC must build an emotional connection with it viewers in order to create the brand loyalty. By building a brand loyalty it is harder for competitors to take them away. If I were Dana Wheeler I would interpret the consumer and market data by looking at where the majority of the market and their attitude drivers. By combining this data and the results from the survey I would use this data in order to targeting towards the two segments -the Fashionistas and the Shoppers/Planners. By looking at the pooled data I would use the opinions and preferences of the target market and viewers in order to create new t. v. shows which satisfy the needs and wants of theses consumers. How to cite The Fashion Channel Case, Essay examples The Fashion Channel Case Free Essays Introduction The Fashion Channel is losing highly valued viewers to competitors, causing a projected decrease in advertising revenue. TFH needs a plan to improve its ratings and increase its advertising revenue. We recommend that TFH implement scenario three and target the Fashion’s and Shoppers/Planners. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fashion Channel Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now As we will show, this dual targeting plan has the highest income potential by bringing in the younger, highly valued viewers needed to increase advertising revenue. Analysis We recommend the third scenario of targeting both the Fashion’s and the Shoppers/Planners because it offers the highest ad revenue potential (see Appendix 1). Even though this plan has the highest total expenses, it results in the highest net income and margin potential (see Appendix 1). If TFH implemented scenario two and targeted only the Fashion’s, the CPM would go up drastically. However, Fashion’s only represent 15% of households and the average number of viewers would go down (see Appendix 2). On the other hand, if TFH targets both Fashion’s and Shoppers/Planners the CPM and the average number of viewers will increase, exulting in higher revenues (see Appendix 2). The first scenario is not a good option because it increases advertising revenues only a small amount. Implementation The implementation plan involves 3 major steps. The first step is to research the two segments and find out what kind of programming will attract and retain both segments. The second step would be to invest in the new programming. The third step is to begin an advertising, promotions, and public relations campaign targeting the two segments. Risks The implementation of this plan has some risks that need to be mitigated. The three ajar risks are: 1) the plan only attracts Fashion’s 2) the plan only attracts Shoppers/Planners 3) the plan alienates TFTP current customers. If the plan only attracts the Fashion’s, then revenue will not be as high as expected, as shown in Appendix 1 under scenario 2. However, the expenses would be much lower and income would still be much higher than in 2006. If the plan only attracts the Shoppers/Planners, then CPM would go down causing advertising revenue to decrease (see Appendix 3). This can be mitigated by focusing more on Fashion’s than Shoppers/Planners while still trying to attract both. How to cite The Fashion Channel Case, Essays

Debut Albums and Moment free essay sample

Imagine if I was given one moment, just a single slice of my past. I could hold It close forever, and that moment would always last. Id put the moment In a safe, within my hearts abode. I could open it when I wanted, and only I would know the code. I could choose a time of laughing, a time of happiness and fun. I could choose a time that tried me, through everything Ive done. I sat and thought about what moment, would always make me smile.One that would always push me, to walk that extra mile. If Im feeling sad and low, if Im struggling with what to do. I can go and open my little safe, and watch my moment through. There are moments I can think of, that would lift my splats every-time. The moments when you picked me up, when the road was hard to climb. We will write a custom essay sample on Debut Albums and Moment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For me to only pick one moment, to cherish, save and keep, Is proving really difficult, as Ive gathered up a heap!Ive dug deep inside my heart, mound the safe and looked inside, there was room for lots of moments, In fact hundreds If I tried. Im bulldog my own little library, embedded in my heart, before you had to part. I can open it up whenever I like, pick a moment and watch it through, My little library acts as a promise, Ill never ever forget you.