Tuesday, December 31, 2019

The Health Impacts of Food Insecurity within an Urban Environment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2133 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Food Insecurity Essay Did you like this example? It completely disregards and invalidates the implementation of local markets (non-liquor stores and gas stations). A study was conducted in a low-income neighborhood in San Diego, California; which is known for providing access to â€Å"affordable, fresh, healthy and culturally appropriate foods† (Pascale et al, 1). This study focused on the ethnicity and cultural acceptability to comprehend social geographies. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Health Impacts of Food Insecurity within an Urban Environment" essay for you Create order As a result of this study, almost 50% of the surveyed food stores are classified as ethnic markets. This particular group of stores consisted mostly of grocery, specialty, and convenience stores. The overlaying trend that can be found amongst of these stores is that they are small businesses, that generally cater to the regional demographic. â€Å"In fact, 80% of independent grocery stores in City Heights, are associated with a specific ethnic group. Unlike liquor stores or gas stations, which almost never have any obvious ethnic affiliation, these types of stores are more likely to offer fresh produce, meat, bread, dairy, and other food staples† (Pascale et al, 9). Ethnic markets/stores contribute greatly to the surrounding community by marketing to specific groups where products and/or food culture aren’t normalized within the United States (Asian markets, halal, etc.) (Pascale et al. 2017). Despite their vast contributions, these markets are often racialized, and the faà §ade of innutritious expensive food being sold inside a â€Å"hole-in-a-wall.† This false imagery leads to unintentional harm within ethnic food systems due to lack of understanding and consciousness of distinctive needs of heterogeneous communities and groups (Pascale et al. 2017). An example of this misunderstanding can be seen in through initiatives where racial and cultural implications aren’t considered and strictly follow the parameters set by the USDA. An example of such initiatives is Michelle Obama’s â€Å"Let’s Move† campaign against child obesity. The $400 million initiative’s proposed goal was to essentially bring quality food retailers to disadvantaged low-income areas (Holtzman 2010). â€Å"†¦proposed as part of the fiscal year 2011 budget, [it] aims to boost public health by eliminating urban and rural food deserts within 7 years† (Holtzman, 1). When analyzing these initiatives, one of the common factors that is often overlooked is affordability. Pascale et al defines affordability as the reasonable or lower pricing of fresh produce. Through the Pascale’s study, research noted that ethnic markets have tendency to be affordable for residential community, purchasing â€Å"fresh produce at a lower price than non-ethnic markets† (Pascale et al, 12). This occurs due to the higher percentage of smaller grocers (ethnic grocers) where a large array of produce is sold. Comparatively to non-ethnic stores (mostly convenience stores and gas stations) counterparts where the finite variety of products is typically priced higher than the national average (Pascale et al 2017). Two other neglected factors that Pascale mentions are cultural acceptability and accessibility. â€Å"[Cultural acceptability is] the [protection of] the rights of food insecure people, fosters sustainable livelihoods, addresses the cultural value of food practices, acknowledges situated knowledge of nutrition and health, and promotes food sovereignty and non-hierarchical food-related decision-making. In an urban setting where the majority of the population obtains food from retailers, ethnic markets are places that provide more than specific ingredients; they sustain immigrant livelihood, enable food of racial and ethnic identities through food practices† (Pascale et al, 13). Accessibility involves overall community (or individual) availability, attainability, mobility, and convenience. It examines the requirement of mobility and/or access to transportation for traveling to stores. â€Å"†¦walking access to transportation to travel to a store doesn’t guarantee availability of fresh, healthy, and affordable food†¦[and] its corporate structure, large size, low prices, and high diversity make it an atypical ethnic market and statistical outlier, it would bias the comparison between ethnic and non-ethnic markets†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pascale et al, 13). Researcher, Christopher E. Plano analyzes this relationship between mobile/transit accessibility and employment access. He studies low-income communities within Baltimore, Maryland through the application of transportation analysis zones (TAZ). This highlights how mobile access (or lack thereof) contributes to the dilemma of food security within an urban setting. â€Å"Nationally, low-income individuals often live in areas with few employment opportunities8,9,10,11,12,13 and few supermarkets that provide healthy food.14,15,16 Because of limited income, these individuals cannot relocate to wealthier areas where these necessities are located17 or afford personal transportation18 to travel to these areas. As a result, they spend considerable time and money to access jobs and healthy food using public transit.† (Plano 2015, 2). Despite being debunked by endless research and study, the analytical paradigm of food accessibility still remains applicable where the â€Å"desert metaphor remains powerful and, as we have experienced in years of fieldwork in the community, is used extensively by local residents and community organizations to describe the neighborhood’s food environment and justify change† (Pascale et al, 15). As with most, like Fanny Carlet (2017) and James A. Montgomery et al. (2016), would opt for a solution to urban food insecurity through law and policy, government initiatives and the community involvement. â€Å"Community gardens can take on the role of neighborhood gathering spaces, often used for large formal events in addition to informal gatherings (Lawson 2004; Saldivar-Tanaka and Krasny 2004). Urban dwellers may participate in gardening as a means of creating safe outdoor spaces that would address both negative influences of vacant lots— especially drug dealing and perception of personal safety—and alleviate space constraints due to the small size of their living quarters (Garvin, Cannuscio, and Branas 2013; Schmelzkopf 1995).† (Carlet 2017, 10) However, others like Mari Gallagher argue that the issue can’t be solved only through the implication and development of quality grocers but also through the implication of education (Holtzman 2010). â€Å"Affordable wholesome food alone does not alter eating habits† as Holtzman states and argues that several overlying cultural factors play a key role. Gallagher and Holtzman both agree that â€Å"determining which locales have the greatest need for subsidies, as well as keeping politics from affecting the flow of money, will be challenging. It is important to make sure we’ve armed with neutral data that directs the flow of resources† (2010). Throughout my research, I’ve come across a lot of data regarding the nutritional impacts of food (fruit, vegetables, sugar, etc.), diet-related illness, price disparity among healthy and non-healthy food and food accessibility. I accessed the 2018 State indicator Report on Fruits and Vegetables provided by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services through the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). This report analyzes and emphasizes different methods so as to potentially increase the purchase, supply and demand of fruits and vegetables across the United States of America. The overriding goal of this study is to improve the U.S. population’s access to fresh fruits and vegetables. This report states that the average American doesn’t meet the necessary daily intake of fruits and vegetables, despite the substantiate health benefits. The CDC proposes that this is due to lack of access and affordability. This is very significant to those of the U.S. po pulation that face several challenges such as food insecurity. There were several key findings that were highlighted in this report. This report highlighted that as of 2018, 10 states adopted policies on the food services guidelines. It emphasizes the importance of the selling and serving of healthy foods. â€Å"Food service guidelines increase access to healthy food options (e.g. fruits and vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains) in worksites, state agencies, parks and recreation centers and other institutional settings† (CDC, 3). Another key finding that was highlighted was that 47 U.S. states adopted policies that support farm-to-school and farm-to-ECE (Early Care and Education). This is proposed to increase the percentage of student access to locally grown produce such as school gardening, etc. it also encourages education of nutrition and agriculture. 32 states have already established food policy councils that support regional food systems and intend to increase access to nutritional food. According to the CDC only 12.2% of adults meet proper fruit intake and only 9.3% of adults meet proper vegetable intake. The statistics for food consumption amongst youth are just as bad. An average of 9% of adolescent children meet the standard fruit intake and only 2% meet the vegetable intake. Overall multiple studies and research have shown that food is linked to health. Throughout human history, food has been used for not only fundamental nourishment and necessity but has also played a significant role in medicine. The overlying rule states that poor diet quality contributes negative health impacts such as illness and obesity. Essentially, as anthropologist Ludwig Fuerbach plainly states â€Å"man is what he eats.† This report classifies these statistics into three main categories: improving fruit and vegetable access for individuals and families; improving fruit and vegetable access for children; food system support for fruit and vegetables. According to these indicators, there are an average of 27 farmer’s markets per 100,000 residents. In addition to the establishment of the 2014 State Policy on Food Service Guidelines, about 47% of school districts participate in farm-to-school programs. According 2018 data, there are about 234 local food policies in place and about 212 food hubs nationally. I additionally analyzed data from the food desert locator provided by the USDA’s Economic Research Service. This data was initially released and finalized in the early 2011. However, this data is updated regularly and was last updated in 2017. This data provides population statistics for census tracts that meet the USDA’s current definition of â€Å"food desert.† Even though this data is up to date, it however neglects to some areas where that loosely fits the qualification for food desert according to the USDA. This report provides data for the following: State (State) County name (CountyName) Census urbanized area tract (URBAN) Total population (TOTALPOP) Percentage of population with low-access to supermarket or large grocery store (PERCENT_LOWA_Pop) Number of people with low-access to supermarket or large grocery store (LOWA_POP) Percentage of total population that is low-income with low-access (PERCENT_LOWI) Number of low-income people with low-access (LOWI) Percentage of housing units without a vehicle with low-access (PERCENT_HUNV) Number of housing units without a vehicle with low-access (HUNV) Percentage of children age 0-17 with low-access (PERCENT_KIDS) Number of children age 0-17 with low-access (KIDS) Percentage of people age 65+ with low-access (PERCENT_SENIORS) About 58.5% of the U.S population has low-access to supermarkets and/or large grocery stores. About 13.7% of that population is low-income. About 281,709 people with low-income have low-access, and about 23% hold residency but don’t have access to a vehicle. About 15.6% of children between the ages of 0-17 have low-access to supermarkets. About 7.6% of elderly (age 65+) have low-access to supermarkets. Food plays a very significant role in the livliehood of all living being. Just as deer rely on vegetation for food or birds on fruit/berries and insects, humans are dependent on the sustainability of food. Just as very living creature, human acquire their sustenance from the earth and the nutrients it bears. Logically one could understand the importance of food and how it might impact one’s health, particularly when there is a significant lack of access. As the USDA characterizes food deserts as residential areas where there is a lack of access to supermarkets and grocery stores. However, this negates the how in the low-income communities where there are supermarkets, but they don’t supply nutritional fresh food. A significant amount of research and study displays the correlation between that are categorized as food deserts and the rise of obesity and food-related health risk. These studies not only highlight the monetization of food and how it along with several overl aying factors (socioeconomic status, etc.) impact the overall health of community. WORKS CITED Carlet, Fanny, et al. â€Å"Greening U.S. Legacy Cities: Urban Agriculture as a Strategy for Reclaiming Vacant Land.† Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, vol. 41, no. 8, 2017, pp. 887–906., doi:10.1080/21683565.2017.1311288. â€Å"Food Culture Helps Understand Life, Society and History.† Untitled Document, Lingnan University, 2018, www.ln.edu.hk/lingnan-touch/61/food-culture-helps-understand-life-society-and-history. Holzman, David C. â€Å"Diet and Nutrition: White House Proposes Healthy Food Financing Initiative.† Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 118, no. 4, 2010, doi:10.1289/ehp.118-a156. Joassart-Marcelli, Pascale, et al. â€Å"Ethnic Markets and Community Food Security in an Urban ‘Food Desert.’† Environment and Planning A, vol. 49, no. 7, 2017, pp. 1642–1663., doi:10.1177/030851817700394. Meenar, Mahbubur R. â€Å"Using Participatory and Mixed-Methods Approaches in GIS to Develop a Place-Based Food Insecurity and Vulnerability Index.† Environment and Planning A, vol. 49, no. 5, 2017, pp. 1181–1205., doi:10.1177/030851816686352. Montgomery, James A., et al. â€Å"Soil Quality Assessment Is a Necessary First Step for Designing Urban Green Infrastructure.† Journal of Environment Quality, vol. 45, no. 1, 2016, p. 18., doi:10.2134/jeq2015.04.0192. Plano, Christopher E., et al. â€Å"Considering Public Transit: New Insights into Job and Healthy Food Access for Low-Income Residents in Baltimore, Maryland.† Environmental Justice, vol. 8, no. 3, 2015, pp. 65–71., doi:10.1089/env.2015.0003. Ramankutty, Navin, et al. â€Å"Trends in Global Agricultural Land Use: Implications for Environmental Health and Food Security.† Annual Review of Plant Biology, vol. 69, no. 1, 2018, pp. 789–815., doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040256. Widener, Michael J., et al. â€Å"Agent-Based Modeling of Policies to Improve Urban Food Access for Low-Income Populations.† Applied Geography, vol. 40, 2013, pp. 1–10., doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.01.003.

Sunday, December 22, 2019

The Knights Of Labor During The Civil Era - 1190 Words

As Napoleon Hill once said, â€Å"Every adversity, every failure, every heartache carries with it the seed of an equal or greater benefit†. This holds true to the Knights of Labor in their endeavor to increase solidarity and unity, by encouraging opposing communities to work together, thus improving the lives of workers and their families during the diminutive period of time when the Knights of Labor were active. The Knight’s tackled the monopolists and fought for the justices they knew to be theirs, in strong efforts to improve societal inequalities – organizing groups of workers throughout different classes of sex, race, and skill. The major impacts that the Knights of Labor had on society during their peak, as well as in the future, can be illustrated by 3 principal criteria that this paper will be centralized around. Firstly, the Knights of Labor were dreamers – they encouraged people to look forward and take action against poor circumstances and lack of power; because of this, they were ahead of other labour organizations during this time as the Knights fought against what others said to be unalterable. Second, the Knights of Labor brought disparate groups together, forging the way to a progressive society in the height of an otherwise racist and sexist one. Lastly, the Knights of Labor drew a significant expansion of wage earnings across North America – providing many people with secure jobs and a culture in which they were protected by unity. The Knights of Labor wereShow MoreRelatedThe Gilded And Progressive Eras1245 Words   |  5 Pagesprogressive eras in America were times of expansion, urbanization, and what seemed like a golden pathway to an industrialized future. 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For those managed to survive the up hill battle just began, they faced many unknowns in a world moving in an uncertainRead Morereserchpaper817 Words   |  4 Pages How did the United States become a mature industrial society in the decades after the civil war? Industrial economy By the 1913 the United States produced one third of the world’s industrial output. The 1880 census showed for the first time that a majority of the work force engaged in non-farming jobs. Worker’s freedom in an industrial age .for a minority of workers, the rapidly expanding industrial system created new forms of freedom. Between 1880 and 1900 an average of 35,000 workers perishedRead MoreThe Changing Economy: 1865-1939 Essay628 Words   |  3 PagesThe Changing Economy: 1865-1939 The end of the Civil War brought a whole new era of economy, political control, and Presidential intervention. The economy emerged from its agriculturally based economy into a flourishing big business dominated world and eventually in 1929 came crashing down. I agree only partially with the quote The Civil War saw the beginning of an 80-year decline of real individual economic opportunity; nonetheless, the vast majority of Americans continued to professRead MoreThe past century saw major developments in the economic, social, political and cultural life of the1600 Words   |  7 Pagesthe railroads. America was on the threshold of change and throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, social movements shaped progressive thought. Renowned historian, Sidney Milkis characterized the accomplishments of the original Progressive Era as a â€Å"momentous reconstruction of politics,† a description that applied as equally to the numerous social movements that aimed to better align America’s political and social order with its ideals of liberty, equality and opportunity for all. 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Many southerners saw Reconstruction as an attempt by theRead MoreEssay The Labor Movement2226 Words   |  9 PagesThe History of the Labor Movement Since the beginnings of industrialization in the United States, a struggle between the rights of individuals working in industry and manufacturing and the desire of the ownership of these endeavors to maximize profits has raged. As various eras in history passed, labor movements in the United States met with varying degrees of success. The fortunes of labor movements in the United States has ebbed and flowed along with other key factors in American society. In timesRead MoreAmerica s Labor Movement : An Important Part Of American Society2163 Words   |  9 Pages America’s Labor Movement Dewey Greear Regis University â€Æ' America’s Labor Movement The labor movement was and still is an important part of American society. The history of the labor movement will be examined from the founding of the National Labor Union in 1866 thru to today’s times. I will go in depth on a couple of the early parts of the movement and then summarize key events that have happened up until today. Amongst the discussions on these events, I will talk of the impact the event

Saturday, December 14, 2019

The Fashion Channel Case Free Essays

Starting in 1996 TFH (the fashion channel) had a great success because of a big audience and no competitors in the business. Noticing the great success competitors such as CNN and lifetime started to also have fashion-based programmer. Since viewers now having a choice to decide which channel they want to watch the viewer numbers of TFH starter to decrease. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fashion Channel Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now A reason for this is shown by an alpha research which pointed out that both CNN and lifetime got a better feedback in customers satisfaction in consumer interest as well as in awareness and also perceived value. Having their viewer numbers decreasing, TFH has to pay even more attention on their two main revenue streams: cable affiliate fees and advertising! Therefore they wanted to know who their audience is to can better react to them. They reached this with help of a detailed demographic breakdown which leaded to the result, that 61% of their viewers are female and 33% being aged 18-34 which is less then 45% being aged 35-54, but the younger group is stronger in this business Additional to this they did a SFA associated survey which divided the audience into 4 groups: Factionists: highly engaged in fashion with being 15% of all viewers, 61% being female and 50% being aged 18-34; Planners and Shoppers: participants in fashion on a regular basis with being 35% of all viewers, 54% being female and 25% being aged 18-34; Sustainability: participants in fashion for specific needs with being 30% of all viewers, 50% being female and 30% being aged 18-34. Also they have 45% with children in the household; Basics: not interested in fashion with being 20% of all viewers and 45% being female. 2) Which research method was most helpful to you in developing and evaluating the segmentation options? As mentioned before, there are four groups resulting from the SFA associated research. Combines with the results from the demographic breakdown we think it is really helpful for ETC. Indeed, with these researches they have the opportunity to realize who their audience is and so they can work on getting a new audience, probably within the other groups. They also understand who is the most powerful group in their business so that they can work on reaching their needs and with these information it was possible to work out the segmentation options. 3) What are the segmentation options? Broad-based marketing: The goal is to develop a multi-segment strategy with a strong focus on â€Å"Factionists† and the â€Å"Plannersshoppers† and also have a focus on women aged between 18 and 34 since this is the most powerful group – as mentioned before. â€Å"Fashions† segmentation: In this segmentation the focus is strong only on â€Å"Factionists†. The plan is to spend $ 15 million on programming. It is a single segment concentration. â€Å"Factionists† plus â€Å"Planners shoppers† segmentation: This one is a product specialized segmentation with focus on both â€Å"Factionists† and â€Å"Shoppers Planners†. TFH has to spend $ 20 million on programming in this case. 4) What is the project financial impact of each of the option? Scenario number 3 has the best financial result: against an increment of $20. 000. 000 in fixed costs and an increment of $4. 151. 347 in variable costs, the increment of revenue by Ad sales increases by $138. 378. 240 and the company can have the maximum net income ($168. 867. 232) and also the maximum margin (39%). Scenario number 1, instead, is the worst one: The Fashion Channel doesn’t have extra fixed cost but also their income are the lowest one ($249. 080. 832) that is $96. 864. 68 lower than in scenario 3. In this case, the firm can match the same result that reached in 2006. Scenario 2 is a little worst than scenario 3: they have a little few fixed cost ($70. 000. 000) as they gain less revenue by Ad sales ($322. 882. 560) and also the net income and the margin are not performing as in scenario 3. 5) Compare the segmentation options. What are the P ros Cons (Strengths Weaknesses) of each option? 1 . Broad Appeal (Broad multi-segment approach) – Scenario 1 Cross segment of Factionists, Planners Shoppers, and Sustainability Woman aged 18 to 34 in all of the clusters 2. Factionists – Scenario 2 Alternative to a broad, multi-segment approach – focus on single segment (Factionists) 0 aggressive approach. Strong in the highly valued 18-34 female demographic. 3. The Factionists and the Shoppers/Planners – Scenario 3 Dual targeting of two segments (Factionists and Shoppers/Planners). 6) What is your recommendation? After the analysis of costs, revenues and net income and the review of advantages and disadvantages of the three options, according to us the best solution is the scenario 3: the â€Å"Fashions† plus â€Å"Planners/Shoppers† segmentation. We understand that the risk involved with this scenario is very high. TFH will lose some of their most loyal consumers by re-positioning the channel towards factionists and the planners/shoppers. Furthermore, Exhibit 5 show us that this scenario also requires more programming and operational expenses. On the other hand, â€Å"Factionists† has superior interest in fashion and â€Å"Planners Shoppers† has the largest cluster size, so it is a good choice to combine them. Indeed â€Å"Planners Shoppers† will improve he rating in order to attract more ad buyers and at the same time â€Å"Factionists† will enhance the CPM to gain more ad revenue. Moreover, from the Exhibits 4 and 5 we can observe that scenario 3 gives the more revenue that the others and it provides more net income and a better margin than the other two options. To conclude, the benefits truly do seem to outweigh the risks in this scenario and we recommend that targeting at two valued groups â€Å"Factionists† and â€Å"Planners shoppers† is the best solution to this problem. It will create more revenues (above all from advertising), aka TFH get back market shares quickly and maintain Tiff’s leading status and core viewer loyalty. Obviously, The Fashion Channel will also implement this new marketing plan. One of the more difficult challenges for TFH is trying to keep their older loyal consumers while attracting the new factionists and planners/shoppers (18-34 female audience), otherwise they could certainly lose more than they gain. In order to achieve this aim, TFH should analyze the loyal consumers’ favorite programs and make sure to keep these programs when they begin their new marketing plan. Moreover, The Fashion Channel should look at Lifetime and their Fashion Today program to gain a better understanding of how they market to their 18-34 year-old female audience, so they will be in a very advantageous position to capture a large share of the market. Furthermore, TFH must continually find ways to improve consumer interest, awareness, and perceived value. Lastly, TFH must be aware of its competition and be ready to differentiate and re-position its programs in order to earn the best TV ratings and capture the most market share. How to cite The Fashion Channel Case, Essays The Fashion Channel Case Free Essays Dana Wheeler, senior vice president of marketing for The Fashion Channel (TFC) must create a strategy which would help deal with the current marketing challenge. Wheeler’s major challenge is to choose an explicit target market in which her team can market towards in order to increase revenues for The Fashion Channel. The key Point’s of The Fashion Channel case include: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fashion Channel Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now Build strong Target Market – In order for TFC to maintain and increase their advertising revenue model they must build a strong target market of â€Å"highly valued viewers† who are also appealing to the advertisers. . Build positive Positioning- Wheeler needs marketing initiatives to improve consumer interest, awareness and perceived value. 3. Satisfy Customers wants- In order to increase revenues TFC must expand its audience. To do this it must adapt to changes. TFC must change in order to grow while still maintaining the original TFC which current customers love. 4. Create Brand Loyalty – TFC must build an emotional connection with it viewers in order to create the brand loyalty. By building a brand loyalty it is harder for competitors to take them away. If I were Dana Wheeler I would interpret the consumer and market data by looking at where the majority of the market and their attitude drivers. By combining this data and the results from the survey I would use this data in order to targeting towards the two segments -the Fashionistas and the Shoppers/Planners. By looking at the pooled data I would use the opinions and preferences of the target market and viewers in order to create new t. v. shows which satisfy the needs and wants of theses consumers. How to cite The Fashion Channel Case, Essay examples The Fashion Channel Case Free Essays Introduction The Fashion Channel is losing highly valued viewers to competitors, causing a projected decrease in advertising revenue. TFH needs a plan to improve its ratings and increase its advertising revenue. We recommend that TFH implement scenario three and target the Fashion’s and Shoppers/Planners. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fashion Channel Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now As we will show, this dual targeting plan has the highest income potential by bringing in the younger, highly valued viewers needed to increase advertising revenue. Analysis We recommend the third scenario of targeting both the Fashion’s and the Shoppers/Planners because it offers the highest ad revenue potential (see Appendix 1). Even though this plan has the highest total expenses, it results in the highest net income and margin potential (see Appendix 1). If TFH implemented scenario two and targeted only the Fashion’s, the CPM would go up drastically. However, Fashion’s only represent 15% of households and the average number of viewers would go down (see Appendix 2). On the other hand, if TFH targets both Fashion’s and Shoppers/Planners the CPM and the average number of viewers will increase, exulting in higher revenues (see Appendix 2). The first scenario is not a good option because it increases advertising revenues only a small amount. Implementation The implementation plan involves 3 major steps. The first step is to research the two segments and find out what kind of programming will attract and retain both segments. The second step would be to invest in the new programming. The third step is to begin an advertising, promotions, and public relations campaign targeting the two segments. Risks The implementation of this plan has some risks that need to be mitigated. The three ajar risks are: 1) the plan only attracts Fashion’s 2) the plan only attracts Shoppers/Planners 3) the plan alienates TFTP current customers. If the plan only attracts the Fashion’s, then revenue will not be as high as expected, as shown in Appendix 1 under scenario 2. However, the expenses would be much lower and income would still be much higher than in 2006. If the plan only attracts the Shoppers/Planners, then CPM would go down causing advertising revenue to decrease (see Appendix 3). This can be mitigated by focusing more on Fashion’s than Shoppers/Planners while still trying to attract both. How to cite The Fashion Channel Case, Essays

Friday, December 6, 2019

Debut Albums and Moment free essay sample

Imagine if I was given one moment, just a single slice of my past. I could hold It close forever, and that moment would always last. Id put the moment In a safe, within my hearts abode. I could open it when I wanted, and only I would know the code. I could choose a time of laughing, a time of happiness and fun. I could choose a time that tried me, through everything Ive done. I sat and thought about what moment, would always make me smile.One that would always push me, to walk that extra mile. If Im feeling sad and low, if Im struggling with what to do. I can go and open my little safe, and watch my moment through. There are moments I can think of, that would lift my splats every-time. The moments when you picked me up, when the road was hard to climb. We will write a custom essay sample on Debut Albums and Moment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For me to only pick one moment, to cherish, save and keep, Is proving really difficult, as Ive gathered up a heap!Ive dug deep inside my heart, mound the safe and looked inside, there was room for lots of moments, In fact hundreds If I tried. Im bulldog my own little library, embedded in my heart, before you had to part. I can open it up whenever I like, pick a moment and watch it through, My little library acts as a promise, Ill never ever forget you.

Friday, November 29, 2019

Link Optimization Why It Matters, Plus 3 Ways to Optimize Links on WordPress

In theory, links are one of your WordPress site’s most basic elements. And while many webmasters just insert basic links and forget about them, there’s actually a lot you can do to improve their effectiveness through link optimization.After all, links aren’t much use if no one clicks on them. By putting some thought into how your links appear and function, you can improve their chances of attracting attention from visitors. What’s more, many of the most beneficial strategies for doing this are quite easy to implement.In this post, we’ll touch on the reasons why links are such a crucial part of your site’s success. Then, we’ll introduce and walk you through three solid link optimization techniques. Let’s jump right in! Shortlinks by Pretty Links Best WordPress Link Tracking Plugin Author(s): Blair WilliamsCurrent Version: 3.0.9Last Updated: August 12, 2019pretty-link.3.0.9.zip 90%Ratings 3,401,070Downloads WP 5.1+Requir es As the name suggests, this tool helps you create ‘prettier’ links. Unlike most link shortening tools, it enables you to customize exactly what each link on your site looks like.To use Pretty Links, you’ll want to install it, navigate to the new Pretty Links tab in your WordPress dashboard, then select Add New Link:Here, you’ll enter the original link in the Target URL field. Then, under Pretty Link, you can create whatever URL you’d like to use instead:You can also choose a redirection type for your link, and even give it a title. Once you click on Create, you’ll be able to use your new ‘pretty’ link anywhere you’d like, and it will lead people right to the original page.Finally, it’s worth noting you can also use the Pretty Links plugin to track your links. This way, you can experiment with different types of shortened URLs, and see which ones are clicked on most often.2. Customize the way links function on your siteWhile our first link optimization strategy focused on appearance, this one is all about function. While in a basic sense links all work pretty much the same way – you click on them and they open a new section or page – there are actually some tweaks you can make to customize their functionality.For an example of how this might work, you can check out the WP External Links plugin: External Links nofollow, noopener new window Author(s): WebFactory LtdCurrent Version: 2.35Last Updated: September 12, 2019wp-external-links.2.35.zip 88%Ratings 394,230Downloads WP 4.2+Requires With this tool, you can make a number of changes to the ways links work on your site.We should note that it’s been a little while since WP External Links was updated, so you’ll want to test it out thoroughly. However, it’s a popular and well-reviewed plugin, so it shouldnt give you any trouble.After installing the plugin, there will be a new section in your dashboard called External Links. There, you’ll see a number of options:In a nutshell, these tabs provide you with a lot of ways to change how your links act. For example, under the initial External Links section is a drop-down menu where you can set how external links will open in the visitor’s browser:You can also set external links to follow  or nofollow, add various attributes to your links, and even include an icon next to each one.The Internal Links tab is just about identical, but enables you to tweak the function of links that point back to your own site. This separation of settings is handy if you want your external and internal links to behave differently.In the remaining tabs, you can even exclude specific links from these general settings and customize them separately. All in all, this plugin gives you a huge amount of control when it comes to link optimization.3. Create a link libraryThis last technique is admittedly not one that every site will need. For some type s of sites, however, it can be very beneficial.A ‘link library’ is a page on your web site containing lots of different links. Its focus is on organizing those links in a more effective way than simply listing them out. For example, similar links will typically be grouped into sections or categories, and there are often features that enable users to easily sort links and find what they need.If you find yourself needing to display many links in one place, therefore, a link library is an ideal solution. You can use it to organize internal links – such as your site’s pages or blog posts – or to create useful collections of external links for your visitors.To get started, you’ll need to install the aptly-name Link Library plugin: Link Library Author(s): Yannick LefebvreCurrent Version: 6.3.3Last Updated: October 2, 2019link-library.zip 92%Ratings 1,402,061Downloads WP 4.4+Requires Next, the first thing you’ll want to do is navigate to Links Link Categories in your WordPress dashboard:Here, you can create a category for each type or section of links you’ll include in your library. Then, you can go to Links Add New to add in all the individual links, and set a category for each one:Then, you can head to the Link Library tab to set up your library page. There are a lot of options here, and you’ll want to check out the plugin’s documentation for information on each one.However, you can also simply use the default settings, which will enable you to add a basic link library to your site quickly. Under the Library Settings section, you’ll see a list of shortcodes you can include on any page you like:Just save the shortcode on a new or existing page, and your library will be good to go! It might look something like this:We encourage you to read up on all the plugin’s settings, and tweak your link library until it’s set up just right.ConclusionAdding plenty of internal and e xternal links to your site is a great start, but you won’t want to stop there. You’ll also need to optimize and organize those links carefully, if you want them to be as effective as possible.In this post, we’ve outlined three ways you can perform link optimization on your site. You can:Make your links ‘pretty’.Customize the way links function on your site.Create a link library.Do you have any questions about how to implement these link optimization strategies? Let us know in the comments section below! Why optimizing your links matters, plus how you can do it on your #WordPress #website. #tutorial

Monday, November 25, 2019

Eve of Distruction essays

Eve of Distruction essays The song Eve of Distruction by Barry McGuire is from the time of the Vietnam War. There is a lot of controversy over this war. It discusses how people felt about the war integration, and the demonstrations of that time. Most of the younger people thought that America shouldnt get involved in the Vietnam War. This was cause for controversy. The song says, You're old enough to kill but not for votin' you don't believe in war but what's that gun you're totin'. The people over there fighting arent even old enough to vote. They might even be protesting the war but if they get drafted then they had to fight. The lyrics also mention the Selma, Alabama incident. Theres so much protest in the Civil Rights movement that it seems like the few people in the senate who are trying to get legislation passed wont be able too. Handful of senators don't pass legislation And marches alone can't bring integration, it seems hopeless. It also makes reference to the hate in China but some didnt see the hate that was occurring in the U.S. And think of all the hate there is in Red China Then take a look around to Selma, Alabama Ah you may leave here for four days in space But when you return it's the same old place This song represents the time period because it speaks of the Vietnam War, and the Civil Rights Movement. The social aspect is that young people, for the most part, didnt want to fight in the war but if drafted still had to fight. It also reflects the music of that time because it tells how some people felt. A lot of music of the time did that. The Barry McGuire song Eve of Distruction represents the way some people felt about war and the Civil Rights Movement. It is a good example to show some things that were going on in 1965. ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The Impact of Healthcare Systems on Individuals and Households Research Paper

The Impact of Healthcare Systems on Individuals and Households - Research Paper Example The effects of these two systems on the life of the common man is also looked into to know how effective the two systems are when it comes to delivery and the general income of the common man. Information on different countries using different systems is looked at and how people are affected by these two systems. The main objective of this paper however is to find out if there is any difference in the two systems and which system is good on the common man (Grover 387). There are lots of publications about this issue and most people believe that private based systems are just about making profit while government systems concentrate less on quality. Private systems have a lot of impact on the financial situation of the common man. Many privatized systems are financed by the people themselves through insurance cover. Compared to the government systems the private system is a bit expensive and requires a lot of money for every individual. This leads to a decrease in the income that the g eneral population gets. However this system is also characterized by quality healthcare and no or limited extra expense. Therefore the only amount t hat is paid by the consumer is the insurance cover. Apart from the quality cover offered, private systems also have a quick response to problems as compared to government systems. If someone is sick, then he is well taken care of and this has great effect on the general population (Grover 387). ... This leads to people spending a lot of extra money in medication and this generally reduces their income that they would have saved. The system is also slow to reacting to the general emergency situations. Therefore the amount of money that the common man saved is then used again in the process of getting quality medication. To fulfill the objectives of this research, I took time to collect information about different countries that use private health systems and those that use government health care system. The information that I used were from government websites and the ministry of health care websites. I then related this figures to the general income of the common man and how this type of system affects both parties. Australia is one of the countries that use private health care system which is called Medicare. Medicare receives funding from 1.5% of the total government levy. This levy is given in exception to low income earners. High income earners also have an extra 1% levy ad ded to their tax. Private health insurance also provide 30% subsidiary on the private health insurance. It is approximated that in 2004, 8.8% of DP was spent by Australia on health care. The average expenditure of the common man on health care services was 1.9% of the total income of families and individuals. This is characterized by high quality doctors who get enough pay and work well to realize their set goals. The amount of money that an individual spends on medication after the taxed amount is reduced a lot. This means that it can be approximated that an average family use 2% of their total income on medication and this had covered all the expenses including the ones not insured (Grover 387). In Canada, government health care is the type of system that is used. Everyone is

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Case study on intercultural factors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Case study on intercultural factors - Essay Example Identify the type of problems that might be due to intercultural differences. How will you pre-empt the discussions and what solutions can you prepare to overcome their concerns and maintain the client relationship.   The term â€Å"International business† revolves around all the business activities which are carried out between two or more countries. This involves a cross-border transaction of goods and services between different countries, regions or nations (Daniels, Radebaugh and Sullivan, 2007). There are different factors that play an important role in determining the success of an international venture in the other country. However, different multinational corporations consider different factors before entering into the global market. These factors include political, cultural, environmental, technological and economical aspects. It has been observed that cultural factors play an important role in determining the success of a business and its acceptability in the society of a particular country (Harrison, and Huntington, 2000). Awareness with the intercultural factors is necessary for two main reasons. Firstly, it reduces the chances of misunderstandings as well as it also minimizes the possibilities of any intercultural mishaps. Secondly, the effective use of intercultural factors helps in maximizing the potential of a business and cultivating everlasting relations with the business partners across borders. Using intercultural differences productively also helps in maximizing business opportunities in other countries (Wiseman, 2003). Skills, knowledge and experience play an important role in determining the success of a business in a global market. However, it has been observed that those companies who fail to understand the cultural awareness in a certain global market end up in absolute failure. Their lack of understanding the cultural differences and similarities of another

Monday, November 18, 2019

'Teams are seen as a necessary condition in contemporary Essay

'Teams are seen as a necessary condition in contemporary organisations, but are they effective' - Essay Example A team behaves in a peculiar manner which moves toward a specific goal. The performance output given by a team is always ahead of that given by an individual. Generally a team comprises of many people focusing on a specified target. The individuals in a team will be having individual skills. Thus a team is a collection of strengths and good range of abilities. Because of this reason, in a team, for every situation there will be at least a person who can deal with it. Also in a team flaws or pitfalls can easily be spotted and corrected. As there are many persons focusing on a same target they will be very cautious about every move and hence the mistake done by an individual will be easily found by another one. (Scholtes et al. 2003). So, this paper will discuss how teams are seen as a necessary condition in contemporary organizations and how they are effective for organizational process, and how effectiveness can be further optimized. In an efficient team, the ultimate responsibility is rested on everyone’s shoulder. And the team is structured in such a way that whoever having strength in a specified area takes more responsibility in that area. One more interesting fact about a team is â€Å"Motivation†. A powerful motivating force is created amidst a good team. It never let its team mates to go down. Also it makes the team members feel proud to be a part of such a team. (West 2002, 9). Teams, also have another face for it. That is â€Å"Team conflict†. Conflicts are often mistaken within a team which is a bitter fact to be accepted. But conflicts too could turn desirable, provided the team members look into a conflict as an outcome of indifference in their thoughts or views. And after that they have to take relevant actions on how to overcome that indifference. When such kind of attitude started developing amidst the team members, conflicts even turn to be a positive factor in a team work. ( West 2002, 9) Self directed work teams are empowered

Saturday, November 16, 2019

How music influences the fashion industry

How music influences the fashion industry This study is purposely carried out in order to find out whether music has any influence on fashion. The research question that will be a guide to the establishment of the intended explanation will be: Does music influence fashion? The hypothesis therefore for this study will be; music has had a great influence on fashion both now and in the recent historical times. This is greatly supported by the fact that music is an independent variable and has everlasting effects of various aspects of the society including fashion (Powell, 2001, pp 134). Fashion in this case will serve as a dependent variable since it is affected differently by the different types of music that exist within the society. Additionally, it has been seen that fashion changes with the entry of a certain song to the music industry (Lounger In Society, 2009, pp 4). This study as it tries to establish the effect of music on fashion will provide helpful information to the fashion designers because they will be able to id entify the best marketing strategies for their products by relating it to a particular genre of music that is considered fashionable (Huntley, 1972, pp 66). Introduction There are various entities in every society that influences its behavior and interaction among its members. The way people work, relate, play, eat or even dance is influenced by music in one way or the other. Within the society, it is also important to note that its members have different tastes and preferences to various kinds of music (Powell, 2001, pp 137). Such kind of music includes reggae, rhythm and blues, pop, rock, classical, hip-hop, jazz among others. Music in essence is a form of an art that organizes sound in a melodious manner with the aim of expressing feelings and emotions. It is rare on earth to find a human being who does not have a taste to any kind of music (Shmoop University, 2000, pp 13). The music could either be international like reggae, pop and rock, or local as used by various native languages within a certain locality. Music has tremendously grown and may prove hectic for one to be able to categorize it into various types because its origin may not be easi ly decoded by history (Huntley, 1972, pp 69). The study of behavior and music shows that music has an eccentric influence on fashion as manifested by the trends emulated by youths and other members of the society. Fashion can be defined as the mirror of what the society thinks and does within a certain period of time (Randel, 2003, pp 253). This is widely noticeable when music of a particular genre is released and attracts the attention of many listeners. This is also expressed through the radio stations that people listen to and the videos for the songs they watch. Music is an integral part of the social environment and cannot be avoided. It also influences how young people grow up and ultimately contributes in the setting of various societal norms (Campbell, 1994, pp 27). This is seen as a way that creates excitement and alters how an individual especially teenagers dress and decide to emulate the dressing code of a particular singer. This research will greatly dwell in providing evidence that the various trends in the music i ndustry have had a big influence on fashion (Warner, 2003, pp 123). Aims and objectives It has always been and will remain to be a belief that music is the food of the soul and a panacea of the mind as greatly depicted by the ability of children and other individuals to grasp a verse of a particular song within a short time (Randel, 2003, pp 253). This becomes a relevant topic because it influences different dressing styles of the society being examined. The purpose of this research therefore is to revisit the evolution and history of music and cultural backgrounds, outline various types of music, examine the prominent debates relating to music and fashion, and enumerate various fashion trends in each type of music. The research will further introduce and examine various fashion designers, musicians, and photographers who have influenced fashion through their careers particularly music (Cargan, 2007, pp 116). Literature review The success of this research and the definite provision of solutions to the identified objectives will dwell on the facts provided by various writings that relate to this topic. Various authors have shared their arguments and made immense contributions to indicate that indeed, music has an influence on fashion. This is clearly pointed out and illustrated by the dressing styles that people copy when they listen to a particular type of music. Tortora and Eubank in their book Survey of historic costume: a history of Western dress argued that the industry related to fashion has always been a risky venture due to unpredictable dressing trends emulated by the society caused by the dynamics in music industry. They pointed out that people changed the ways they dressed to imitate that of the singers in any famous song within a particular period of time (Tortora Eubank, 2005, pp 171, 519). An article by Hunter in the Cincinnati Magazine points out clearly that music and fashion are one entity and they go hand in hand. He used an example of the seventies where there was spontaneous freedom in the choice of music that was attractive to the youthful population of the time. During that time, people went for the outfits that would make one look disco-like and contrasts the ones of the nineties. He however showed that the fashion tastes for a particular age-group may be different and this is enhanced by music that they listen to (Hunter, 1997, pp 50). Duran Alan on the other hand gives diverse interpretations that have been given as it relates to fashion. He uses an example of David Bowies song, Fashion that clearly points out how rock music is intertwined with fashion concerning the dancing styles and mode of dress. According to him, the interpretation of fashion and how it has been affected by music does not involve the taking of rigid stands and should not be assumed (Dur an, 1984, pp 189). Wilbekin on his part while interviewing Armani (a designer) was able to find out that most of the fashion outfits he makes are determined by the type of music people listen to. An example of hip hop music is given where he says that it embraces the fact that one becomes more real and individualistic. This is because according to Armani, all rules of fashion have been broken by hip hop by technically fusing sportswear and high fashion. In addition, he says that the street wear has formed a fundamental idea of modern and casual lifestyles. We can be able to identify that this magazine critically answers our research question. He also uses the examples of DAngelo, Mariah Carey, and Lauryn Hill to explain the influence that the musicians have made in his fashion boutique. He also points out that most hip hop artists are attracted to the legendary Italian wear like suits, fedoras, and jewelry and this will automatically be copied by their listeners (Wilbekin, 2000, pp 172). In her book, Fundamentals of sociology, Sharma points out that music refines human tendencies in day to day life which enhances the societal feelings depicted through singing and dancing. He also adds that since there have been improved modes of communication, the influence of a particular genre of music spans over a wide area thus proving a universal effect (Sharma, 1996, pp 345). The effects are clearly brought out when Steele analyses the effects music has had to the society for the last fifty years (Steele, 2000, pp 155). It critically examines the effect it has brought culturally, socially and even economically. It is important to point out that during the same period, there was a great evolution of music and thus the effects were diverse. She enhances her analysis by using fashion pictures thus providing the required evidence of the changing fashion trends of the time (Steele, 2000, pp 163). Blackwell and Stephan in the book Brands that Rock have used Madonna as a perfect example to bring in the fact that music influences everything and fashion cannot be left out. They explain that music hypnotizes everybody and this relates to Madonnas fashion of KISS. They have indicated that the success of this fashion trend was achieved due to various performances and shows in clubs (Blackwell et al, 2004, pp 157). What would follow were unprecedented sales of the clothing inclined to the KISS fashions. In this case, it has been illustrated that people were able to elevate themselves to megastar status by choosing music as the best choice to do so. This involved the choosing of the best music style that was acceptable and quality and this would influence people of all categories (Blackwell et al, 2004, pp 153). Bunt on the other hand categorically states that because music influences the society, the effect will automatically shift to fashion. This serves to answer our research quest ion because Bunt has shown that music has some influence on fashion (Bunt, 19994, pp 98). The effort of Radano and Bohlman cannot be left out in this research due to their contribution in the provision of facts of the effects of Gypsy music in rural Hungary. According to them, the effect of this kind of music swept the rural Hungary irrespective of the age bracket. This was followed by the imitation of the dressing culture of the musicians and this had immense effect on the fashion and the traditional musical traditions (Radano and Bohlman, 2000, pp 409). In his comparative studies, Kerman in his part took much consideration on the assimilative culture of Elizabethan madrigal. According to him, the impetus of copying foreign musical styles led to the local flourishing of musicians and within a short span of twenty five years, the whole fashion industry had drastically changed. He credits the cause of the changes to the native inspiration of musicians and their fans (Kerman, 1962, pp 130). Hockx and Strauss on their part made a significant impact in this field by taking a study on the Chinese culture. According to them, the dressing culture of the cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou have been influence by a particular musical genre. Beijing for instance has faced a lot influence from rock music while the city of Xinjiang has been influenced by pop music. They also point out that this has contributed immensely in dynamic change of fashion where music is the driving force. The local music industry has seen itself adapting to innovative ways which are instantly copied by the fashion industry and ultimately their fans (Hockx Straus, 2005, pp 3). Hendrickson in his book Musica Christi gives us some information about the effect that music has had on fashion. He takes into consideration a discussion by various theologians that shows that the dynamic nature of music has influenced the defining of analogia entis and fashion. The effect of musical styles on fashion during the renaissance period has also been wholly discussed and this goes in line with our research question and our objectives (Hendrickson, 2005, pp 83). Sims in his book Rock Fashion illustrates and explains the fashion trends that have accompanied the changing times of rock music. One example is the fetish wear items and biker clothes that were won by singers and this was immediately imitated by the listeners. Chain jackets and sideburns that the rock musicians like are most of the time seen among their listeners and fans. Sims goes ahead and uses the example of Cliff Richards white tie and Johnny Kidds eye patching that made most of their fans to change their wardrobe. His contribution in this research extends further when he points out that in the past forty years, the rock stars have influenced fashion in various cultural groups of the world (Sims, 2001, pp 14). Jones in his book Fashion Design expresses music as an inspiration to the world of fashion since designers are forced in one way or the other to be creative and follow the fashion details and fabrics that would fit the listener market for a particular genre of music. He p oints out that a good fashion designer goes with the music of the time if he/she has to make good sales. This clearly points out how music influences fashion (Jones, 2005, pp 17). An article by Tony Ware in the CMJ Music Magazine titled Brand New Wave describes the dressing trends of the eighties where musicians wore asymmetrical outfits to battle for their commercial space in the discos. This extended to the various geometric haircuts by musicians like Britney and Kid Rock. From this analysis, we can point out clearly that the fans would go ahead and ape their model stars especially in the field of hip hop and pop (Tony, 2001, 45). Vernallis in her book Experiencing music video: aesthetics and cultural context, takes into consideration enormous effect that music video has influenced music and fashion. The visual imagery that pop songs of the sixties had on the society according to her, affected fashions to a very large extend. She points out clearly that the introductions of music videos enabled the fans to watch for themselves and thus were able to identify the particular dressing styles of their stars. They would in turn copy it and thus making the fashion of the society to be affected in a way that follows the trends of the time (Vernallis, 2004, pp 287). Shepherd John in his book titled Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World: Media, industry and society made a significant contribution to this research by identifying the various musical types and how they have influence fashion. His book contains contributions from more than a hundred individuals relating to how popular music has influenced the society. His works contain all the influences music has had on the societal culture which of course has a direct influence on fashion trends that accompanies the songs. The book clearly indicates that, regardless of any part of the world, music has a significant influence on the trending trends of the listeners (Shepherd, 2003, pp 56). Morrell Ernest in his book Becoming Critical Researchers uses the evidence from the urban culture teenagers to conclude his finding that music has a direct influence on fashion. He says that hip hop for instance influences fashion as indicated by a college student wearing a T-shirt and a hat which i s mostly a characteristic of hip hop musicians (Morrell, 2004, pp 72). The contributions made by Kendall Diana to this research cannot be left out because she has brought clearly the aspect of fashion as a valued style of behavior found in many areas of our lives including music (Martin Lehu, 2009, pp 34). She further asserts that contemporary music and clothing in the United States to some extent reflect some aspect of African, Caribbean, and Asian culture. It is also in this book that we can be able to know that music has facilitated cross-cultural influence in fashion indicated by the dressing styles that accompany the song in question (Kendall,2009, pp 66). Bennet, Temperley and Yang in their book Lectures on musical life, endeavored to show the influence that music as an art has had on fashion. According to them, music is rooted in the acceptable manners of the society and these results in dynamism associated with every kind of new music that comes across. They went ahead and pointed out that the performance of a particular fashion as rooted on mu sic has a traceable and more gradual effect on the composition of the song itself (Bennet et al, 2006, pp 146). Research Methodology The primary method that was used to obtain the answers to the objectives of this research involved the use of questionnaire. A well structured questionnaire was formulated and contained probing questions that would ensure that the correct answers are obtained from those whom they were administered to. The use of this method of obtaining the required data is reliable and facts are recorded instantly thus merited (Miller Salkind, 2000, 27). The method is also advantageous because information is obtained from the correct person and not second hand which would otherwise lead to distortion of results (Lippman, 1999, pp 34). The presence of the person who is administering the questionnaire is also an advantage for this method because the questions that have not been understood may further be explained in more understandable manner. The method however, is too involving and cumbersome. In addition, it was realized that open-ended questions took longer time to be answered and took long time to be analyzed while some respondents made a lot of exaggeration in some other questions (Cargan, 2007, pp 116). The questionnaire that was used in this research consisted of twenty five questions all which were geared towards achieving the objectives of the research. Some of the questions included among the following: What is music? What is fashion? Is fashion influenced by music? Give the instances that you think fashion has been influenced by music? What types of music do you know? Briefly describe the history of music according to your own understanding. Name any musician who has influenced your wardrobe or that of someone you know (Titon et al, 2009 25). These are some of the sample questions that were in the questionnaire among others. In order to minimize errors and enhance accuracy, two hundred and fifty questionnaires were prepared and administered over randomly selected individuals. Results were then collected and analyzed before arriving at the final conclusion (Metz Benson, 1999, pp 166). The other primary method that was used was direct interview with identified clients. Interview however had fewer questions than the questionnaire but answers were more detailed because the interviewer could use various skills to identify if the person they are interviewing has answered the question correctly (Seale, 2004, pp 165). Wherever a mistake was realized, the interviewer would immediately devise ways that would ensure the question is correctly answered. The method however has some limitations, these includes; the exercise itself being too involving and sometimes affected by language barrier or handling illiterate clients. The interviewer was also expected to avail himself to the client unlike the use of questionnaire where it would just be sent to trusted clients. Few interviews were however carried out because they were just meant to supplement the questionnaire. Data collected was then analyzed and relevant results recorded (Seale, 2004, pp 170). In the course of the research however, there were instances that required the use of secondary sources with the aim of primarily giving weight to the data that were already collected (Kumar, 2001, pp 58). Our research used library search as and indexing and involved the research panel going through written texts that had similar topic on the effects of music on fashion. This method was the best alternative of secondary sources because it provides trusted results and data thus enhancing the accuracy of the data being collected (Kumar, 2001, pp 63). Futhermore, its analysis required minimal time and limited skills from the research panel. This method however had a limitation because it was difficult to obtain the exact required data and thus several texts were to be analyzed. This consumed some good quality time in the research (Campbell, 1994, pp 27). Results and Findings After the completion of the research and findings analyzed, it was found out that most people agreed with the fact that music affects their fashion in one way or the other. Some would find themselves aping the dressing styles of the musical stars or the hair styles (Hook, 2010, pp 3). Others however were not directly affected by music but out at their friends who find themselves changing their wardrobe to resemble that of renowned stars like Rihanna, Jay-Z, Madonna among others (Tera, 2009). Due to the agreeable fact that music affects our lives, its found out that the rate at which the listeners respond to a particular fashion was unpredictable since music solely depends on mass media for it to be heard or known (Manlow, 2009, pp 45). The introduction of musical videos is seen as milestone that enhanced how music affected their fashion because they can be able to perceive the current trend of dressing (Perpetual-vogue, 2008). The history of music according to this research can be factually traced until the First World War where jazz music was sang in the 1920s (Miller Salkind, 2002, pp 16). Famous jazz players like Louis Armstrong began his career as a jazz player and his music attracted many people of the time (Tera, 2009). The euphoria of jazz was later replaced by Swing type of music which was later replaced by Rock and Roll of the 1950s. In 1960s, The Beatles was the fashionable musical style of the time. The rockers of the 50s were primarily characterized by leather jackets and the keeping of long unkempt hair. On top of these, drainpipe trousers and rubber-soled shoes were a characteristic of Rock and Roll artists (Tonneau Thompson, 2000, pp 269). Music of the 1960s made so many people to be cloth-conscious and teenage fashion of the time entailed the wearing of short hair, shoes and green parkas were relatively long. It was during this time that musicians started wearing necklaces and were quickl y aped by their fans (Jones Brown, 2005 pp 128). Disco hits came in the 70s which became a driving tool of fashion in the urban areas and it may seem as though the style is dead but the current fashion is deeply rooted in it. People in the 80s and 90s desired the Grunge look popularized by hip-hop and involves attires not limited jumpsuits, sneakers, and Kangol hats (Katz Dahlhaus, 1987, pp 93). Fashion of this generation is considered modest and the music industry of this genre was popularized by artists like Notorious B.I.G, Tupac Shakur, and Jay-Z among others (Hess, 2007, pp 406). Wearing of t-shirts and jeans is an example of the millennium music closely related to Hip-hop fashion and pop (Welters Cunningham 2005 pp 19). The supremacy of baggy jeans and large black rimmed glasses are characteristic of fashion in this musical era. It was also found out that it is during this time that the use of pink color by the lady world found its way to the fashion shelves (Rosengren, 1994, pp 73). In the course of this research, various kinds of music were identified and it was clearly pointed out that each musical genre was related to a particular fashion trend. Among the genres include; classical music, rock music, metal music, hip-hop music, trance music, jazz music, and techno among others (Katz Dahlhaus, 1987, pp 93). It is important to note that irrespective of the type, music has an impact on its listeners. The roots of Rock type of music can be traced to the rock and roll era which began a dance but later became dominant to the teenage audience of the time. Metal music on the other hand is a rather rapidly played music that dates back to World War II (Henwood, 2010, pp 16). Most people consider it to be associated with members of the society who are not satisfied and this has greatly impacted on the other types of music. The minorities in America are believed to be the inventors of rap music characterized by break dancing and a lot of graffiti. This kind of music has also influenced the Jamaican music which is deeply rooted in reggae music (Benstock Ferriss, 1994, pp 197). Wedding music was also identified in the research but one can realize that it can be fused with other types like classical or traditional. This is because wedding is an occasion characterized by the changing moods of the people (Campbell, 1994, pp 27). It also diverse among the different cultures of the world and dancing in this occasion can range from the Brazilian salsa and even to pop music. Hip-hop on the other hand is the one characterized almost all instruments with bass taking the prominence (BensmaÃÆ'Â ¯a, 1987, pp 88). It is generally used by artists to show different feelings and this has resulted in hip-hop culture and thus hip-hop fashion. The roots of this musical genre can be traced to West African music. Trance music is mostly played in clubs and discotheques and is easily traced to the 20th century music. It is basically characterized by fast tempo and quick repetition of beats that creates a hypnotic effect on its listeners (Longhurst, 2007, pp235). The research would not have been successful if country music would not have been identified. This kind of music and a couple of other folk music gained popularity in the 40s to mid 70s by musicians like Bob Wills and Bill Mornoe (Greaves, 2009). There is also Techno music which was identified and this has been seen to have a direct relationship and following among high school students. Western music has a variety of musical genres among them are music which incorporates classical and experimental music (Wallin et al, 2001, pp 49). There is also the pop music and fabulous music that ranges from reggae, rock, and metallic. Latin music has also been gaining popularity in the recent past and with its unique dressing style, people are also aping the fashion associated with all the kinds of music (Krummel, 1987, pp 93). Music as identified from the research carried out affects fashion and fashion trends in any society. It has been indicated that fashion is the styles especially dressing which are constantly dynamic in a given culture within a given time (Malone Stricklin, 2003, pp 124). Someone may be considered fashionable when they fit to the current dressing trends that are mostly popularized by music (Llanas, 2010 pp 11). When they do not fit to such kinds of dressing modes then they are considered unfashionable. Fashion can sometimes be used together with beauty or style. Fashion trends have solely been influenced by musicians and songwriters to the extent that the fashion industry has been intertwined with musicians (Bierut et al, 2002, pp 259). Such artists use their fame popularity to sell a particular line of clothing. Jennifer Lopez and Gwen Stefani for instance are making a kill by incorporating fashion and music (Gehlhar 2008, pp 230). Adidas as a fashion phenomenon was popularized by rap song and this resulted in massive sales. This also happens to other wears like hats, tracks and T-shirts. The trend is seen to have change to sleeveless rock T-shirts in the 90s and was particularly popularized by musicians like Poison, Ratt, and Ozzy among others (Seale 2004, pp 165). The Grunge look is also a fashion trend that was popularized by Nirvana in the 90s while Kangol became fashionable when LLcool J placed it as a trademark of his hat. It is also in the 1980s that Madonna drastically changed the way girls dressed to look bold and beautiful (Perkins, 1996, pp 266). She became the queen of fashion during this time and most girls imitated her dressing style to the fullest (Tonneau Thompson, 2000, pp 267). On characteristic of this era was the black leggings, bangles, bracelets, ballerina skirts, large earrings among others. This resulted in the formation of the MTV television network that brought out stars and their out standing fashions (Solomon Rabolt , 2004, pp 72). The launch of MTV popularized the fashion trends of musicians like Michael Jackson, Madonna, Whitney Houston, among others in the year beginning 1981. Their names were extensively used in various households and this promoted imitation of their fashion by teens and even young adults (Malone Stricklin, 2003, pp 127). This includes his legendary jackets which he wore mostly in his videos and later the white gloves of the millennium times that are still worn by his fans even after his death. A song sung by Madonna titled vogue mentions some of the renowned actors and actresses who have influenced the wardrobe of the populace (BensmaÃÆ'Â ¯a, 1987, pp 89). Among the people she mentions includes Grace Kelly, Jimmy Dean Jean Harlow among others this was seen as a tool that generated more sales for fashion designers (Schneck et al, 2008, pp 186). It is vividly noticeable that whenever a new song comes out, fashion changes and it appears rather funny to see how people change rapidly with the entry of a particular song. One example is during Avril Lavigne time when she released her song Girlfriend. Just because the video of the song featured her wearing a tight miniskirt was enough to make other girls ape (Lysloff Gay, 2003, pp 334). It is important to mention the contributions of three hip hop artists who have been the latest movers and shakers in the fashion industry. Kelis Daringa in the video of her song I bossy is credited for the introduction of the sleek and A-symmetrical haircut that was immediately imitated by her fans (Malone Stricklin, 2003, pp 124). Rihanna on her part as a pop star changed her look from the traditional brown hair to the edgy black style. The influence that she elicited can best be seen by looking at teenage girls around. Kanye West on his part has impacted the fashion industry wherever he goes. T alk of sweater vests and unique sunglasses and all directly linked to him (Tonneau Thompson, 2000, pp 260). Conclusion Both music and fashion are forms of art and are inseparable since they depict our expressions and viewpoints within our scope (Hawkins, 2006, pp 12). It was found in this research that people dress in relation to the music they listen to and thus providing an answer to our research question, does music affect fashion? Our cross-examination of the last six decades has given us tangible evidence on the growth of music and how it has influenced and how it has impacted on the wardrobe of their listeners (Lysloff Gay, 2003, pp 330). Fashion designers and marketers are fully aware of the effect of music on their products and they can only be able to maximize their sales by coordinating it with music. It is also important to mention the fact that people are placed in a particular stereotypical image due to the music that they listen to and the clothes they put on (BensmaÃÆ'Â ¯a, 1987, pp 88).

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

The Reasons Why the Vietnam War Lasted So Long :: Vietnam War Essays

The Reasons Why the Vietnam War Lasted So Long It is said that the U.S. has never gotten over the Vietnam War and it is still a controversial war, these are the reasons why the Vietnam War lasted so long. In 1973, the United States and North Vietnam signed a treaty called the Paris Peace Agreement; this was the beginning of the withdrawal of all remaining U.S. forces from Vietnam which was mandated by the treaty ("Vietnam War," 1991). Also in the agreement was the return of U.S. prisoners of war, and a cease-fire (1991). The war was not over though until 1975 when the North Vietnamese stormed Saigon (1991). While the war ended, the bad feelings would linger. One example of this is the continued relevance in respect to whether or not candidates "served in the military, or dodged the draft, or smoked pot, or dabbled in radical politics, or engaged in the more promiscuous activities of the sexual revolution" (McDougall, 1995, p.478). Some say that men were put into harm's way without thoughtful consideration. Vandemark (1995) claims that from the outset, the U.S. was doomed. It would never complete the mission successfully and Johnson and his cronies knew this (Vandemark 1995). If that is the case, it would explain why there are still conflicting ideas about Vietnam. And while there were people who knew that the U.S. would not win, and that too many of the nation's sons would be lost, there were many who were idealistic, who thought themselves to be freedom fighters and who fought for freedom. It was a pie in the sky idea, a glimpse of the future that saw a free world without the blood, and without the body bags. It was a war that never should have been fought. While much of this has been supported by the literature, the United States withdrew its forces from Vietnam in 1973. Some wonder why it took so long to withdraw and why this did not happen earlier. It is a difficult question to answer, but the Vietnam debacle was not something quick or clear. It was a situation that mushroomed. The actual goal was to preserve an independent, noncommunist government in South Vietnam, but by April of 1975, the communist Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) ruled the entire country ("Vietnam War," 1991). The mission was not accomplished but the goal did emanate from paranoia about communism and a fear of the domino effect.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Accounting Information Systems Simulation Paper Essay

Internal controls are all measures taken by an organization for the purposes of protecting its resources against waste, fraud, or inefficient use; ensuring the reliability of accounting data; securing compliance with management policies; and evaluating the performance of all employees, managers and departments within the organization. The accounting system depends upon internal control procedures to ensure the reliability of accounting data. Many internal control procedures on the other hand make use of accounting data in keeping track of assets and monitoring the performance of departments. Internal control is looked upon more and more as a solution to a variety of potential problems. The effectiveness and efficiency of operations as a technique relates to performance and profitability goals and safeguarding of resources. The Accounting Information System Simulation made me realize that there is an advantage having one person control multiple activities. The disadvantage of having the same person performing multiple activities is having in a process increases if one person has the opportunity to control more then one step of the process. This risk is even more if the person controls consecutive steps because there is no intermediary to check that the steps are not manipulated for personal gains. The separation of duties activity aims to minimize risk by separating the steps of a process in such a way that different person are recording transactions, authorizing them and maintaining custody of assets. See more: Sleep Deprivation Problem Solution Speech Essay The line draws when it comes down to what I thin is right for a company. The simulation solution was that access cards were the best solution. In the stimulation I chose to have the hand clock in machine. Having employees clocking in through the hand machine may be degrading to employees, but at the same time make sure that employees do not have other employees clocking in for them. Some of those hand clocks in machines have little cameras that take a picture every time an employee clocks in or out. Prioritization will affect Ramos International expected loss over the year if the right decision is not made. In the stimulation the effects that I chose were good but not right. The order should follow as secure cash, building, and computer network which will result in the least loss over the year. www.Investopida.comwww.wikipedia.comwww.businessweekly.com

Friday, November 8, 2019

Free Essays on Evolution Versus Religion

â€Å"Did god create humanity in His own image and likeness, or was our species itself the product of physical change and adaption neither more nor less the rocks, plants, animals of this planet?† What do you think? And what are the hallmarks of humanity? Among philosophers, theologists, geologists, archeologists, paleontologists, and all of the other -ers and -ists that study and attempt to explain the many theories of evolution-people, or â€Å"homo sapiens,† have struggled in agreement on accepting and proving one certain truth. Instead, we fathom the possibilities. In comparison to the scale of the beginnings of the earth, about four and a half billion years ago, the existence of humans is thought to be merely momentary. And as long as humans have had the brainpower to think, they have contemplated their own existence. The scientific study of human ancestry began with the creation myth-stories attempting to explain the mystery of our beginning. In Europe the Judeo-Christian was tradition was the superior belief. â€Å"According to a myth recorded in Genesis, the earth and everything on it (including the first people, Adam and Eve) were created by God over the course of seven days. In contrast to the Judeo-Christian belief that God created humanity, beginning in the eighteenth century, many scientists began to question the validity of the biblical creation myth and argued and contested newer theories. Charles Darwin, one of the most renown theorist of evolution, published his work, On the Origins of Species, in 1985. His central theme, â€Å"biological evolution,† theorized that one species of plant or animal can and did change into another over vast periods of time. â€Å"Darwin argued that the great diversity of modern life all derived from a single, primitive, early species and that human beings evolved from ape-like ancestors.† He developed, also, his theory based on his concept, â€Å"survival of the fittest†-â€Å"the idea that i... Free Essays on Evolution Versus Religion Free Essays on Evolution Versus Religion â€Å"Did god create humanity in His own image and likeness, or was our species itself the product of physical change and adaption neither more nor less the rocks, plants, animals of this planet?† What do you think? And what are the hallmarks of humanity? Among philosophers, theologists, geologists, archeologists, paleontologists, and all of the other -ers and -ists that study and attempt to explain the many theories of evolution-people, or â€Å"homo sapiens,† have struggled in agreement on accepting and proving one certain truth. Instead, we fathom the possibilities. In comparison to the scale of the beginnings of the earth, about four and a half billion years ago, the existence of humans is thought to be merely momentary. And as long as humans have had the brainpower to think, they have contemplated their own existence. The scientific study of human ancestry began with the creation myth-stories attempting to explain the mystery of our beginning. In Europe the Judeo-Christian was tradition was the superior belief. â€Å"According to a myth recorded in Genesis, the earth and everything on it (including the first people, Adam and Eve) were created by God over the course of seven days. In contrast to the Judeo-Christian belief that God created humanity, beginning in the eighteenth century, many scientists began to question the validity of the biblical creation myth and argued and contested newer theories. Charles Darwin, one of the most renown theorist of evolution, published his work, On the Origins of Species, in 1985. His central theme, â€Å"biological evolution,† theorized that one species of plant or animal can and did change into another over vast periods of time. â€Å"Darwin argued that the great diversity of modern life all derived from a single, primitive, early species and that human beings evolved from ape-like ancestors.† He developed, also, his theory based on his concept, â€Å"survival of the fittest†-â€Å"the idea that i...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Hypothermia essays

Hypothermia essays Hypothermia, defined as a core body temperature less than 95 F(35C) occurs when heat loss exceeds the bodys heat production. (Ruffolo p.47) Thermal stability in humans depends on the bodys ability to adapt to changes in internal and external temperatures. Heat is transferred throughout tissues and fat, and is released at a rate directly related to the temperature of the environment through radiation, conduction, Hypothermia is typically seen as a bad thing; however, various studies have been proving it to be very useful. Traumatic brain injury initiates several metabolic processes that can exacerbate the injury. There is evidence that hypothermia may limit some of these deleterious metabolic responses. In a randomized controlled trial researchers compared the effect of moderate hypothermia and normhypothermia in 82 patients with severe closed head injuries (score of 3 to 7 on the Glasgow Coma Scale) The patients assigned to hypothermia were cooled to 33 degrees C an average of 10 hours after injury, kept at 32 degrees to 33 degrees C for 24 hours, and then re-warmed. A specialist in physical medicine and rehabilitation who was unaware of the treatment assignments evaluated the patients 3, 6, and 12 months later with the use of the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The demographic characteristics, causes, and severity of injury were similar in the hypothermia group and the normothermia groups. At 12 months 62% of the patients in the hypothermia group and 38% in the normothermia had good outcomes (moderate, mild, or no disabilities). The researchers concluded that Treatment with moderate hypothermia for 24hours in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and coma scores of 5 to 7 hastened neurological recovery and may have improved the outcome. (Marion et all) Two studies done (one in Australia and the other in Europe) showed the therapeutic v...

Monday, November 4, 2019

Art presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Art presentation - Essay Example The Baroque period incorporates artistic works that is based upon catholic and protestant lines. On the other hand, Rococo art mainly focused on the pleasures and interests of the artists rather than events happening around them. Bernini is a renowned artist during this Baroque era and bases his works across Italy. He dominated the art world of Rome in the seventeenth century and received special treatments from the popes, as well as cardinals. He also confronted the contemporary artistic traditions that existed during the era. One of his most creative artwork is The Ecstasy of Saint Theresa. This work involves intense Christian art and is one of the most illustrated artwork that exemplifies spiritual aspects of the Catholic faith. The sculpture has two figures; Teresa and an angel, standing slightly above her pointing a golden spear towards Teresa’s heart. Bernini uses a very rare form to illustrate Teresa’s religious ecstasy when the angel appeared to her with a golden spear. He uses this to illustrate the intense satisfaction and desire in which God had favored her. He also expresses pain that accompanies her favor and intense desire for God’s consent. Bernini emphasizes on her erotic euphoria by displaying her open mouth and closed eyes. He also does this by hanging her limbs. The movement and drama of the sculpture is illustrated by the heavy and tangled fabric of her clothes even though the purity portrayed in her face largely contrasts with the fabric texture. The angel seems to be happily staring at Teresa as he waits to pierce her heart using the spear of divine love. This sculpture illustrates the spiritual pleasure that the saints experience in serving Christ. The imagery employed by Bernini in The Ecstasy of Saint Theresaillustrates the sensual pleasure in a way that conveys the perceptible nature of Teresa’s experience. Baroque art era also dominated across Flanders and Spain. This period is characterized by the breaking of the Lowland

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Personal Debt Crisis In the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Personal Debt Crisis In the UK - Essay Example Seeing how things have gone south economically worldwide, one can only hope that governments, the global financial industry and more importantly, the private individual had better get their acts together. Citizens Advice Chief Executive David Harker cited the CAB statistics as "worrying evidence" that a large and growing number of people will continue to pay the price, and will become overwhelmed by serious debt impacting adversely on their lives. He further stressed that even more worrying are the "signs that people are struggling not only to repay credit, but also to afford day-to-day essentials" (CAB, 2007). According to a study that analyzed the impact of debt advice in the UK, there seemed to be three different types of debt that can be attributed to the following causes: changing circumstances, poor money management, and creditor behaviour. Changing circumstances typically included unemployment or a change in employment, illness, bereavement and/or separation from a partner. Although the factors which brought about these changes varied, the changes were commonly interlinked and their effect was generally the same: the difficulty interviewees experienced having to manage on a reduced income caused them to fall into debt or exacerbated an existing debt (Pleasence, P. et. al, 2006). Poor money management on the other hand is largely due to a complacent attitude towards financial literacy. Finally, the so-called "rogue" creditor behavior or the unscrupulous and borderline-usurious terms and policies that take advantage of the financially disadvantaged sectors of society. Even then, no si ngular universal definition as to how the explosive debt problem came to be can be arrived at by financial experts in both the government and private sectors. Thus, the challenge in coming up with the best strategy for reliving and controlling the debt crisis continues to be a heavily-contested area of study to date. Rising Interest

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Movie City Hall Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

City Hall - Movie Review Example Perhaps the most famed political leader, when it comes to idealism of purpose, was Cincinnatus. Long before the days when Rome was a far-flung empire, it was a republic clinging to the underbelly of what would be Western Europe. When the Aequi and Volscian tribes began to threaten Rome from the east in 458 B.C., the citizens begged Cincinnatus to take over dictatorial powers and vanquish the threat. He did so, in a mere sixteen days, and then immediately resigned his position of power, returning to his farm. This example of knowing when to yield power was cited by George Washington, after he stepped down after two terms as the first President of the United States ("Cincinnatus"). City Hall, directed by Harold Becker, is just one of a long line of works in American literature and cinema that analyze the slow erosion of an idealistic leader's credibility. One of the first works on this theme was Robert Penn Warren's All the King's Men, a scantily fictionalized look at the life of Louisiana's Huey Long. Willie Stark, who is Penn Warren's slightly larger-than-life Huey Long figure, and John Pappas, New York's mayor in City Hall, are two men who have risen to their current power using a similar dichotomy of private and public positioning: outwardly, both men have ridden a populist wave of sentiment to their current posts; inwardly, both men have incurred debts to the corrupt powers that control much of politics, and both ultimately have a price to pay. Both men are closely followed by idealistic staffers - Willie Stark is followed by the aptly named Jack Burden, while John Pappas is followed by Kevin Calhoun. Both of these men have bought into the message that th eir respective leaders have broadcast to the masses, and both men fervently believe in the men for whom they work. By the end of both stories, both men are disillusioned as to the true nature, and the true source, of political power. The contradictions that revolve around political power primarily have to do with the definition and application of duty. The existence of a "duty triangle" has been asserted, in that, over time, three major approaches to classifying ethical thought have arisen, and these approaches are based on virtue, principle, or consequences. In other words, people make their ethical decisions based on one (or more) of these three ideas. When one considers political leaders, it would be difficult to leave both virtue and principle out of the equation: after all, the lower rungs of political service are not sufficiently lucrative for a purely utilitarian individual to find the situation attractive. There has to be some idealistic motive behind entry into public service, even if, after time, that idealism is worn away and replaced by a jaded faade. The idea of virtue finds definitions for ethical conduct in the behaviors and qualities of the good individual. The idea of principle suggests that uni versal principles can be used to make ethical decisions. These two are very similar; however, the key difference is that the virtue-based definition uses individuals as its orientation, while the principle-based definition uses a broader base of precedent as its orientation. The idea of consequences looks at the outcomes of actions and uses those outcomes to determine whether or not an action is right or wrong - this is often called a utilitarian